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4 SheetsLSheet 1.

P. RAVARD. APPARATUS PoR PRODUGING A VACUUM POR RAISING WATER, 6m. No. 1,903. Patented Deo. 17, 1840.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 P. RAVARD. APPARATUS POR PRODUGING A VACUUM POR RAISING WATER, &c. .Na 1,903'. Patented Dec. 17, 1840.

a I p "--W u-z x f R N Q' N i F* 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. RAVARD. APPARATUS FOR PRODUGING A VACUUM POR RAISING WATER, &c.

' Patented Deo. i7, 1840.v

4t sheetsheet A RAVARD.

. P APPARATUS FOR PRODUUING A VACUUM PoR RA No. 1,903'.

ISING WATER; aw. Patented Deo. 17, 1840.

' atmosphere.-

. UNITED STATES PATEFrr OFFICE. l

PIERRE EAVAED, oF rams, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT m APPARATUS Fon PRODUCING A VACUUM vFor RAlslNG wATEaiac.

Specification forming part ol' Lcitc-rslaicnt No. 1,903. dated Drirombcr 1 7, 1840.

To au wiz/0m; it may concer/7,: Be it known that I, PIERRE RAVARI), a citizen of France, residing in Paris, in the Kingdom of France, have invented a new and useful'` Apparatus Applicable to the Purpose of' Raising NV'ater from Wells and other Reservoirs,l which I denominate thel Aeoli'pilef Hydraulic Apparatusfand I do hereby de- "aeolipile7 h'as been from this circumstance proposed to be appliedto the blowing of air into forges and furnaces.; The same principle is also applied in thelocomoti've steani-e1igine to create a partial vacuum in the furnace by projecting ajet ofwaste steam upthe chimney, which carries withit a large portion of air, 'thereby' etecting the object desired. In my apparatus for raising'water I apply this same principleto the producing of a partial vacuum in suitable receivers or reservoirs, into which water is then to be forced from the well or other reservoir by the pressure of the To effect this purposeI connect a tube or system of tubes from the receptacle or receptacles, reservoir or reservoirs, into which the water is to be'raised, with another part ofI my apparatus, into which highly-elastic steam is to be admitted, and from whieh'it is to be allowed to esca-pe in such manner as to carry with it a portion of the air from the receptacles or reservoirs, sufficient-.to produce the required degree of exhaustion.

The apparatus may be so constructed and vits operation so regulated as to vary thev extent of this exhaustion; but, according to my experience, the best and Inost economical procedure for the raising of water is that by which. the density of the air in the receptaclesor reservoirs is so diminished as to be equal to three-l fifths' of the ordinary density of the atmosphere.

` In the accompanying drawings, Ihave represented the manner in which I construct the and 4, respectively,

Figure l'indrawing No. l is a vertical pro'- jection, yin section, of that part of the apparatus by which the exhaustion of air is to be produced, the part in which the elevating of the water is to take placev being represented on the drawings Nos. 3 and4. Fgf2on drawing No. l is a horizontal projecti'onof the ap,-

paratus-shown in Fig.'1, and vin thesetwo iigures co rresponding parts are designated b'v lthe same letters of reference.l

The li'ueY Z in Fig. 2 is that of,l the see-v tional view, Fig. 1.

A is a pipe or tube,which leads froma boiler,in which the steam used is to be generated, into the exhaustingapparatus, whichA itenters at A', Fig. l. v

l 'B is a cork, to allow, arrest, and regulate the passage ol steam..

C is a pipe or tube, by which the exhaust ing apparatus is connected with that inten ded'.

for the raising of water.

within which vis contained the principal part of the apparatus concerned inproducing the,

exhaust-ion. This cylinder is composed of several partswhich are connected together by means of flanges iu `the -ordinary way, as shown in the drawings.

I) and E are tubes, through which air is toesc 1pc from the receptacles, reservoirs, and the air-vessels, which parts are to be pres- `entl y described.

4boiler is to be projected by its own elastic force, and through which' it is to carry the air `Ventering through the tubes I) and E.

- II is a tnlo'e for leading the escape steam and the accompanying air into the atmosphere in any required direction. The steam which enters into the fore part of the cylinder X X through the steam-tube atl A passes thence through a small orifice into the tube F. This orifice :is at the point a, and an end View of it is shown at Fig. Bin which also is seen the Inouth of the tube E. This Fig. B represents* a cross-section of the apparatus in the linef g, Fig. 1, and in drawing No. 2 a similar crosssection is shown, and is there represented of the ordinary size in the acting instrument.

X-X'is a cylindricalo'rother formed vessel,

and the area ofthe cross-section of the" ajui'age a lfor the emission of steam equal to onetenth of that ofthe tube E.

The foregoing proportions, as well as others herein given, may be varied according to ci rcumstances, onc ofthe mostimportant of which is the degree of the pressure of the steam in the boiler, which I prefer to be equal Lo that of five atmospheres, and have made my calculations accordingly. "here the pressure is greater or less than this, it will be proper to diminish or 1o enlarge the ajutage of steam in accordance therewith.

K is an air-vessel, between which and the cylinder XI X there is a free communication by means of the tubes I l', and this air-vessel is, in consequence oi' this connection, subjected to the same degree of exhaustion with the tube (l and the receivers or reservoirs with which it is connected, and by its capacity it serves to equalize this exhaustion. y n

Sand T are nianonieters of the ordi nary construction, the rise of the mercury in which will. at once indicate the degree in which the air is.

rarefied in the cylinder X and in the tube C. The cock M regulates the communication betwcenthe exhausting part ot the apparatusand that in which the raising oi' water is to be eil'ected.

In drawing No.. 2 I have' given another modi- Y iication ofthe aboveldeseribed exhausting apparatus, i n which two ai r-vessels are employed, together with a cylindrical lor other formed vessel of considerable capacity, so constructed v and connected as to operate concurrently with the airvessels in regulating the exhaustion.' Fig. 1 on this shcetiis a vertical projection in section of this apparatus in the line V YY of 4 Fig. 2, which is ahorizontal projection of the same. In each ot' these figures the same letters of reference are used to designate the corresponding parts. The similarity of this arrangement to that ii rst described will render it unnecessary to do more in the present instance than to point out the variations there# from which are therein proposed.

A is the pipe or tube Vfor the admission of steam from a s`team-boiler; l, a cock toregullate its admission; X X, a cylinder similar to vthat so marked in drawing No. 151C, a tube leading into this cylinder, and through which air, if desired, may be admitted from the at'- inosphere, its admission being arrested orregui lated by means of the cock M. The tubes D and E are the same with those in No. 1, but in this modificationofthe apparatus the tube E and the steam-ajutage a discharge intoa tube, F, 4which is inclosed within, and passes through the center ot' a cylindrical body, O P, the tube F opening into that marked G, which leads into II, the office of which is the same .with that so designated in No. 1.- r

Fig. B is a sectional view of the steam-ajutage a, and of the opening of the tube E, representedof the size employed by mein the I b is the case 0i' the cylinlfhe airwessell is cemacting machine. der or drum O l).

bined with the apparatus in the Asaine way with that in drawing No. 1.

L is the additional air-vessel, which stands on the top of the cylinder or"'drum O l?, and communicates with it by means of the tube or neck Y, and may be considered as making one with the portion I of.`said cylinder.

Il. R is a'tube or pipe corresponding in its use with that marked C in drawing No. l; but :instead of leading from the water-elevating apparatus into the rear of the cylinder X1 X it leads into the portion O of the cylinder or drum O l. The portion O of this cylinder. into which the tnbelt R opens, constitutes a distinct chamber separated from the portion I. by an interior cylindrical case, c c, but communicating with it by means of the conical tube Q through the air from it and from the tube R R is to pass into thc tube G, being `urged by the force ot' the steam-ajutage acting through the tube F. This action produces also the exhaustion of air from the portion I of the cylinder or drum and from the air-ves sel L. There is a cock, N, in the tube It, and manometers at S, T, and U, the purposes ol' which have been previously explained.

The light shading in the tubes of the exhausting apparatus indicates those parts through which steam passes.

In drawing No. 3, Figs. 1 and Qshow on' a reduced scale the ,exhausting apparatus represented on drawing No. 1, Fig. l being a horizontal, and Fig.'2 avertical projection, ot it. ures are designated by the same letters of-rei'- erence, and these figures are given forthe purpose of recapitulating the design of the princi- -pal parts, and to furnish some additional ob servations before describing the hydraulic machine represented in Fig. 3 of this drawing.

A A is a distributing-receiver of steam. from which'descend three pipes, B B, which' may serve to feed three steamLadjutages and their corresponding tubes, F F, all proceeding from the same box or steam-receptacle, C C,

attached to the pipe K, which corresponds l fsteam are to escape; VGr G, the air-vessels; H

H, pipes establishing a communication be tween the air-vessels and the steam-box C (l. The pipe K is that which connects lthe exhausting withthe hydraulic apparatus, and li a cock therein intended `to open or close this communication.

I is the manometer for indicating the de gree of rarefaction in the exhausting apparatus, and M that for indicating the degree oi' rarefaction in' ,the pipe K. I will here ref 'markthat the degree of rarefaction indicated by the monometerI isv always less than that shown by the monometer M as existing in the interior of the exhausting apparatus, afiad that The corresponding parts in these twoigthis not changed'by the supply of air which passes through the apparatus. The foregoing figures serve to exemplify the manner in which two, three, or more steamvajutages, with their appropriate appendages,

may be applied to and employed in the same apparatus. -The inner parts of this ap'paratus having been -fully describedi'n the explanation of drawing No. 1 need not be re'- peated.

.No.frepresents a vertical projection of my hydraulic machine whichis calculated to raise .water to any height required by means ofthe rarefaction and pressure of-air,v the air heilig raretied by the action of th'e withindescribed exhausting apparatus.` This vertical projection is 'a section madein the line C D of Fig.

- 4, which is a horizontal projection, according with the line AB in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 represents- 'a' vertical projection of a part of this apparatus, being a -section in the line Cf DQt' Fig. 4. In Figs. 3,- 4, and jthe same parts, although shown under different aspects, are designated' by the same letters of reference. v l

X, Fig. 3, representsthe well ormain reservoir from which water is to be raised; G G,

raising mains or ascending pipesv through which it is to rise from theniain vreservoir into the reservoir E, No. 1, `inI the 'ir's't story or lift, and from this llast reservoir to'the vnext, (E, N o. 2,) and so onV successivelyuutil it has attained the required elevation, the whole ele- .vation being'divided into separatel vlifts or stories, three ot' which are shown in the drawings, and these I have denominated and numb'ered'the first, second, and third stories. The

' stand above the reservoirs E, into which the water received by them is to descend by its own gravity when air is admitted into the receivers. The branches of the pipes G are each furnished with a valve, L, opening upward withina chamber or enlargementot the branch tubes prepared for that purpose. From each ot' the branch pipes H H there proceeds a curved branch pipe, Q, in the manner shown distinctly in the section, Fig. 5. These curved pipes extend up nearly to the top of the reservoir E, and are closed by a valve, U. The entrance from H into these tubes is shown at I I, Figs. 3 and .5.

P P are floatscontained within the receivers F F. These floats are so graduated in weight as to rise to the top of the receivers when these are nearly iilled with water-say upto thetpoint s, Fig. .ti-and when so Araised they are brought into contact with thetails of two .The Hydraulic Machala-Fig. in drawing th-e stories constituting the upper part of each lift is similarly constructed.

I now proceed' to describe the manner in which the exhausting apparatus is connected with and iliade to actuate the hydraulic vportion ofthe machinery. K 'is a pipe or tube leading from the exhausting apparatus into tubes M M, which latter are connected with' each of the receivers by means of the tubes N N, one of the oriiicesthrough which is shown at It, Fig.'5, which orifice isb closed yby the -iioat P at the same time that it opens the valves I T. To each of the connecting-tubes N there is acock, O, which must bc'opened when the exhausting apparatus is to. set upon its corresponding receiver. v

In drawing No. 4 I have represented another modi tication ofmyh yd raulic ap paratus,which, although it varies in form from the foregoing, is identical with itin principle; but, having su l'- ticiently described one moditcationof this apparatus, and also shown the construction ot' the 'exhausting or rarefying apparatus, I will now explain their combined action, and after#` ward proceed to the explanation of the drawing No. 4. The steam inthe generator being at a pressure of tive atmospheres, and the two cocks B and M, drawing No. 1, 'being closed,

.it' the cock B is opened, the steam will thcn enter the apparatus, and escape by .the steamajutage a,'z carrying withI it a portion ot' air sufficient toirarefy to the required'degree that in the cylinder-X lX in the air-vessel K, and to produce a rise ot' the mercury in the inanom eter T to the height of -abouttw'entyfone inches above the level of its basin, whereitwill remain. The cock Mis theu'to be'openedmnd the air in the receivers of the hydraulic appara-tus escapes with greatrapidity, and that without lessening the degree of rarefaction in the' cylinder X X or the air-vessel K, with which it communicates, as will be .evinced by l'anactual rise instead of a depression of the mercury inthe nianom'eter T. Werenot fresh air admitted into the tube Cby the passing ot' airinto the receivers of the hydraulic apparatas, the `mercury would rise to the same height in the manometer S as in that marked' T. The height indicated in the manometer S is 'about twelve inches; at which it will continue during the discharge of the air admitted in the operation of the hydraulic apparatus,

and which is suiicent for the proposed application thereof to the raising of water.

When the hydraulic apparatus is to be put in action, the cocks O O ofthe tubes N are to be `all closed, excepting one of those ot' .the stage No. 1. The air in the receiver F corresponding to this cock will become raretied, as

'thatfi-gure. Y drawing No. 3the height to-which th'ewater is to be raised is divided into vstories at also wiil that contained inthe branch H and the raising-main G, communicating with-it. The pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the water contained in the reservoir X will then cause it to rise thr'ough 'G to open th'evalve L and to ll the receiver F. This causes the float within said receiver torise and to open the valvesTT, as above explained.- Air-beingthus admitted, the valve L will be closed, and the water contained in the receiver. will pass by ils own gravity through the pipe Q,-will raise the valve U, Fig. 5, and flow into the reservoir E.

4 lation to the story next' `above it as the reser- Voir X does to the irst'story. When the water has been thus-raisedtothe desired height, it may be conducted ott' to any required place through an openingin the side ot' the uppermost reservoir. From the reservoir ,oflthe first story, or frfom either of the others,` the water may be let out upon a water-wheel for the purpose of driving machinery, and a portion of the power thus obtained maybe made to operate a supply-pump to feed the steamgenerator.l By this arrangement thepower of the steam will'be 'applied inthe 'most svi-m.-

ple and effective manner to any purpose to4 which it may be adapted. Asmall portion of the water which is raised may be used .for working the supply-pump when it isnot ldesired. to propel a large wheel.

Drawing No."4.-In this drawing Figs. 1lv

and 2 are the same in all respects with Figs. l and 2 in drawing No 3, and do not therefore require to be further noticed, the main' design of this'drawing (No. 4) being to afford an example of the manner in which the hydraulic apparatus already described may be modified. Fig.A` 3 is a vertical projection of the hydraulic apparatus in accordance with a section thereof made inthe line I Q of Fig. 4, which-is a horizontal projection ot' .story No. 1, Fig. 3, according with the line N O of I n this apparatus, as in that ot' the apparatus represented in that drawing,

but the reservoir itseli`.is made an air-tight vessehand is adapted to the production oi' the whole effect produced by the receiver and Thus reservoir inthe hydraulicl apparatus rst dcscribed. N

Y Y is` the well or main reservoir' from which the water yisto be raised. `T Tfare the raising-mains or ascending pipes; S S, the reservoirsot' the respective stories .into which the water is to. rise through the ascending pipes. The ascending-pipes vare each fur nished with a valve, Y, opening upward in an enlargement or chamber, as in the instrument formerly described. v

Z is the pipe through which the air exhausted from the reservoirs is to pass to the erhausting apparatus, with which it-is connected by the pipe` K.' From the pipeZ pipes proceed which open into the reservoirs immediately above the floats, as shown at`U U. Small valves V V f'or the admission of air are situated and `operate 'like those marked T T in 'drawing No. 3. XX are the floats, -which by risingopen these valves and close the orificos U, through which .the air Ais discharged from the reservoirs. The reservoirs SS have 4no other openings into them than'thoyseof the raising mains, theorice and the air-valves In this tgure'the pipe Z is representedI as extending down and opening intothe water in the well or main reservoir Y Y, and this is done for the purpose of allowing of the discharge of any water which may'aeeidentally pass through the tubes `U Uinto it. When this hydraulic apparatus is put into operation by its connection with the exhausting apparatus, as" fully described under the first modification of the hydraulic. machi-ne, .the exhaustion produced in the pipe Z will cause 'the water to rise into the .reservoir S of story No.- l through the ascending pipe T, and thiswater Awill force 'the float'Xl up against the orilice U, which itw-ll close, while it will raise the valves V V by'pressing against their tails. The-air being admitted through the seats ol' these valves will press upon thesurface ofthe water in therstreceiver, and will forceL itup into the receiver of the second' story, inwhieh theair is in a state of rarefaction. Within this the same operation will take place as that just described, the water beingin like manner forced up from it into the reservoir of the third story. While this is-being effectedthereservoir of the'irst story will be refilled, the oat having descended, the valves V V closed, and the'air4 having again become exhausted within it, and thus the operation will go on alternately throughout the series of reservoirs so long as .the exhausting-,machine is kept in a'ction, the air-valves of stories Nos. 41 and 3 heing raised at the same time by their'oats, wnile the valves of N o. 2 and its float resume their first position. `In theV reservoir of the upper story, No. 3, there is inserted a curved pipe, NV, furnishedwith a valve, w, lthrough which the water may pass into 'the distributing-receiver R in the same mannerin which it passes from one of the receivers into one of vthe .reservoirs in the first-described hydraulic apparatus. The circle AE represents the entrance into atube of distribution for carrying the water Wherever it may be wanted.

I have thus shown various modifications of my' apparatus, and it willbe obvious to every Gompetent (machinist that man3T other changes maybe made in the respective parts,while the general construction and the principle upon which it operates will still remain the same. Thus, for example, in the exhausting appa-l ratus represented in drawing No. 1 and elsewhere the piped) may be omitted, and that marked E alone retained, although by their concurrent action a better result is obtained than with a single pipe. s

Having fully described the nature of my apparatus and shown the manner in' which theA same operate, what I claim therein as constituting my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The manner in which I have constructed and combined the various parts of the apparatus for effecting the rarefaction of air by the rapid emission of steam from a steam-generator, reference beinghad to drawing No. 1 for ageneral exempliiication of this combination, which consists, mainly, in the cylinder X, its

contained tube or tubes for the eruux of air, the

air-vessel connected therewith, and the manom eters or gages for indicating the degree of exhaustion. I do not claim either'of lthese parts takenseparately as of my invention; but I do claim the so arranging and combining them, substantially as herein set. forth, as to adapt them-to the purpose of producing and indicating the degree of exhaustion in my hydraulic apparatus. y

2.` The arrangement and combination ofpfhe receivers and. reservoirs,l as described in the first modification thereof, or of the reservoirs alone,as'jdcs'cribed inthe second modification thereof, with the iioats, air-valves, and tubes for the. eichaustion of air situated immediately above'the floats, as described, so as to co-operate with'cach other tu the manner and to produce the effects, as herein set forth, and these I claim, together with such modifications thereof as are analogous in construction and mode of operation, and which in consequence thereof produce a like effect.

l?. RAVARD. Witnesses:

DETTHITONY, A. FOURNIER.. 

